I don't view mental disorders as being akin to illnesses. The medical model of psychological disorders views mental disorders as diseases with biological or physiological causes, but I believe that this is an over-simplification of a very complex issue. The medical model is just one model and is by no means definitive. Psychology is still a relatively new field in the grand scheme of things and much is still unknown about the mind. My own views are more in line with the integrative model of psychological disorders. The integrative model takes a more holistic view of people, recognizing that mental health is a complex interplay of biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors. Psychiatric diagnosis offers a shared language—a way to speak more concretely about complex psychological phenomena. It provides a framework for identifying patterns when those patterns become disruptive or maladaptive. However, the current diagnostic system is limited. Few individuals fit neatly into discrete categories. These systems prioritize observable behaviors over underlying structures and often fail to capture the nuance of how inner worlds organize around survival, adaptation, and meaning. To learn more about my specialty areas, please visit the sub-pages.